Effects of caffeine, caffeine-associated stimuli, and caffeine-related information on physiological and psychological arousal
Mikalsen A, Bertelsen B, Flaten MA
Psychopharmacology · 45 citas
Etiquetas de revisión
Financiación no declaradaDatos neutrales que nuestra revisión registró sobre cómo se hizo este estudio. Describen el método, nunca si nos gusta el resultado.
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2001-10-01 · Psychopharmacology (Berl) · vol. 157 · número 4 · págs. 373–380
- Editorial
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Citado
- 71 citas · más que el 88% de estudios similares · 2.3× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 0 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Pain Management and Placebo Effect · Coffee research and impacts · Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Palabras clave
- caffeine, placebo effect, classical conditioning, expectancy effects, skin conductance, alertness, mood, coffee, orange juice
- MeSH
- humans, caffeine, central nervous system stimulants, conditioning, classical, cues, arousal, galvanic skin response, smell, taste, blood pressure, heart rate, blinking, adult, female, male
3 autores
- Anita Mikalsen Vaskinn🇳🇴UiT The Arctic University of Norway
- Bernt Bertelsen🇳🇴UiT The Arctic University of Norway
- Magne Arve Flaten🇳🇴UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Rationale
To test the classical conditioning and expectancy theories of placebo effects.
Objective
Two experiments investigated whether administration of caffeine-associated stimuli elicited conditioned arousal, and whether information that a drink contained or did not contain caffeine modulated arousal.
Method
Experiment 1 (n=21) used a 2 Caffeine (0 and 2 mg/kg) x 2 Solution (Coffee, Juice) x 2 Information (Told caffeine, Told not-caffeine) within-subjects design. Experiment 2 (n=48) used a 2 Solution (Coffee, Orange juice) x 3 Information (Told caffeine, Told not-caffeine, No information) between-subjects design. Indexes of arousal were skin conductance responses and levels, startle eyeblink reflexes, cardiovascular measures, and the Bond and Lader 1974 mood scale.
Results
Caffeine-associated stimuli increased alertness, contentedness and skin conductance levels, and information that the drink contained caffeine decreased calmness in Experiment 1. However, unexpected information about the caffeine content of the drink, and the order of the conditions, could have masked some effects of the experimental manipulations. Experiment 2 followed up this hypothesis. The results showed a conditioned increase in startle eyeblink reflexes, and that caffeine-associated stimuli together with information that the drink contained caffeine increased contentedness.
Conclusions
Caffeine-associated stimuli increased arousal, and information about the content of the drink modulated arousal in the direction indicated by the information. Thus, both the classical conditioning and expectancy theories of placebo effects received support, and placebo effects were strongest when both conditioned responses and expectancy-based responses acted in the same direction.
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