The rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine administered in chewing gum versus capsules to normal healthy volunteers
Kamimori GH, Karyekar CS, Otterstetter R, Cox DS, Balkin TJ, Belenky GL, Eddington ND
International journal of pharmaceutics · 209 citas
Etiquetas de revisión
Financiación no declaradaDatos neutrales que nuestra revisión registró sobre cómo se hizo este estudio. Describen el método, nunca si nos gusta el resultado.
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2002-03-01 · Int J Pharm · vol. 234 · número 1-2 · págs. 159–167
- Editorial
- Elsevier BV
- Citado
- 390 citas · más que el 92% de estudios similares · 3.4× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 19 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Coffee research and impacts · Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems · Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Palabras clave
- caffeine, chewing gum, capsule formulation, relative bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, Tmax, absorption rate constant, drug delivery route comparison, healthy volunteers, dose proportionality, elimination half-life, interindividual variability, caffeine metabolism
- MeSH
- humans, caffeine, central nervous system stimulants, capsules, chromatography, high pressure liquid, spectrophotometry, ultraviolet, area under curve, double-blind method, biological availability, intestinal absorption, chewing gum, adolescent, adult, male
7 autores
- Gary H. Kamimori🇺🇸Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
- Chetan S. Karyekar🇺🇸University of Maryland, Baltimore
- Ronald Otterstetter🇺🇸Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
- Donna S. Cox🇺🇸University of Maryland, Baltimore
- Thomas J. Balkin🇺🇸Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
- Gregory Lucas Belenky🇺🇸Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
- Natalie D. Eddington🇺🇸 · autor de correspondenciaUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine from a Stay Alert chewing gum and capsule formulation.
Methods
This was a double blind, parallel, randomized, seven treatment study. The treatment groups were: 50, 100, and 200 mg gum, 50, 100, and 200 mg capsule, and a placebo. Subjects consisted of 84 (n=12 per group); healthy, non-smoking, males who had abstained from caffeine ingestion for at least 20 h prior to dosing and were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. Blood samples were collected pre-dose and at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 90 min and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 29 h post administration. Plasma caffeine levels were analyzed by a validated UV-HPLC method.
Results
Mean Tmax for the gum groups ranged from 44.2 to 80.4 min as compared with 84.0-120.0 min for the capsule groups. The Tmax, for the pooled data was significantly lower (P<0.05) for the gum groups as compared with the capsule groups. Differences in Tmax were significant for the 200 mg capsule versus 200 mg gum (P<0.05). The mean ka values for the gum group ranged from 3.21 to 3.96 h-1 and for the capsule groups ranged from 1.29 to 2.36 h-1. Relative bioavailability of the gum formulation after the 50, 100 and 200 mg dose was 64, 74 and 77%, respectively. When normalized to the total drug released from the gum (85%), the relative bioavailability of the 50, 100 and 200 mg dose were 75, 87, and 90%, respectively. No statistical differences were found for Cmax and AUCinf for comparisons of the gum and capsule formulations at each dose. Within each dose level, there were no significant formulation related differences in Cmax. No significant differences were observed in the elimination of caffeine after the gum or capsule.
Conclusions
The results suggest that the rate of drug absorption from the gum formulation was significantly faster and may indicate absorption via the buccal mucosa. In addition, for the 100 and 200 mg groups, the gum and capsule formulations provide near comparable amounts of caffeine to the systemic circulation. These findings suggest that there may be an earlier onset of pharmacological effects of caffeine delivered as the gum formulation, which is advantageous in situations where the rapid reversal of alertness and performance deficits resulting from sleep loss is desirable.
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