Docosahexaenoic acid concentrations are higher in women than in men because of estrogenic effects
Giltay EJ, Gooren LJ, Toorians AW, Katan MB, Zock PL
The American journal of clinical nutrition · 248 citas
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Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2004-11-01 · Am J Clin Nutr · vol. 80 · número 5 · págs. 1167–1174
- Editorial
- Elsevier BV
- Citado
- 355 citas · más que el 97% de estudios similares · 7.6× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 53 trabajos
- Acceso
- Lectura gratuita
- Áreas de investigación
- Fatty Acid Research and Health · Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis · Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Palabras clave
- docosahexaenoic acid, sex differences, estrogen, sex hormones, transsexuals, oral contraceptives, ethinyl estradiol, cyproterone acetate, testosterone, anastrozole, aromatase inhibition, omega-3 fatty acids
- MeSH
- humans, testosterone, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, cyproterone acetate, follicle stimulating hormone, docosahexaenoic acids, aromatase inhibitors, estrogens, transsexualism, sex characteristics, adult, aged, middle aged, female, male
5 autores
- Erik J. Giltay🇳🇱 · autor de correspondenciaGGZ Delfland; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research
- Louis J. Gooren🇳🇱GGZ Delfland; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research
- Arno W. F. T. Toorians🇳🇱GGZ Delfland; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research
- Mira Katan🇳🇱GGZ Delfland; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research
- Peter L. Zock🇳🇱GGZ Delfland; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Wageningen University & Research
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Background
During pregnancy there is a high demand for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is needed for formation of the fetal brain. Women who do not consume marine foods must synthesize DHA from fatty acid precursors in vegetable foods.
Objective
We studied sex differences in DHA status and the role of sex hormones.
Design
First, DHA status was compared between 72 male and 103 female healthy volunteers who ate the same rigidly controlled diets. Second, the effects of sex hormones were studied in 56 male-to-female transsexual subjects, who were treated with cyproterone acetate alone or randomly assigned to receive oral ethinyl estradiol or transdermal 17beta-estradiol combined with cyproterone acetate, and in 61 female-to-male transsexual subjects, who were treated with testosterone esters or randomly assigned for treatment with the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole or placebo in addition to the testosterone regimen.
Results
The proportion of DHA was 15 +/- 4% (x +/- SEM; P < 0.0005) higher in the women than in the men. Among the women, those taking oral contraceptives had 10 +/- 4% (P = 0.08) higher DHA concentrations than did those not taking oral contraceptives. Administration of oral ethinyl estradiol, but not transdermal 17beta-estradiol, increased DHA by 42 +/- 8% (P < 0.0005), whereas the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate did not affect DHA. Parenteral testosterone decreased DHA by 22 +/- 4% (P < 0.0005) in female-to-male transsexual subjects. Anastrozole decreased estradiol concentrations significantly and DHA concentrations nonsignificantly (9 +/- 6%; P = 0.09).
Conclusion
Estrogens cause higher DHA concentrations in women than in men, probably by upregulating synthesis of DHA from vegetable precursors.
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