Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review
MacLean CH, Newberry SJ, Mojica WA, Khanna P, Issa AM, Suttorp MJ, Lim YW, Traina SB, Hilton L, Garland R, Morton SC
JAMA · 317 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Revisión sistemática (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Eventos clínicos como enfermedad o muerte
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Gobierno
- U.S. Public Health Service
- Gobierno
- PHS HHS
- Subvenciones
- U.S. Public Health Service (290-02-0003)
Según 2 financiadores declarados.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2006-01-24 · JAMA · vol. 295 · número 4 · pág. 403
- Editorial
- American Medical Association
- Citado
- 482 citas · más que el 100% de estudios similares · 34.8× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 60 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Fatty Acid Research and Health · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Palabras clave
- omega-3 fatty acids, cancer risk, dietary fat, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, cancer incidence, prospective cohort, chemoprevention, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 ratio, fish consumption
- MeSH
- humans, neoplasms, fatty acids, omega-3, incidence, risk, dietary supplements
11 autores
- Catherine H. MacLean🇺🇸RAND Corporation
- Sydne Jennifer Newberry🇺🇸RAND Corporation
- Walter Mojica🇺🇸RAND Corporation
- Puja P. Khanna🇺🇸University of California, Los Angeles
- Amalia M. Issa🇺🇸United States Department of Veterans Affairs
- Marika J Suttorp🇺🇸RAND Corporation
- Yee-Wee Lim🇺🇸RAND Corporation
- Shana Traina🇺🇸United States Department of Veterans Affairs
- Lara G. Hilton🇺🇸RAND Corporation
- Rena Hasenfeld Garland🇺🇸RAND Corporation
- Sally C. Morton🇺🇸RAND Corporation
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Context
Omega-3 fatty acids are purported to reduce the risk of cancer. Studies have reported mixed results.
Objective
To synthesize published and unpublished evidence to determine estimates of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk in prospective cohort studies.
Data sources
Articles published from 1966 to October 2005 identified through MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CAB Health; unpublished literature sought through letters to experts in the neutraceutical industry.
Study selection
A total of 38 articles with a description of effects of consumption of omega-3 fatty acids on tumor incidence, prospective cohort study design, human study population; and description of effect of omega-3 among groups with different levels of exposure in the cohort were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed articles using structured abstraction forms; disagreements were resolved by consensus.
Data extraction
Two reviewers independently abstracted detailed data about the incidence of cancer, the type of cancer, the number and characteristics of the patients, details on the exposure to omega-3 fatty acids, and the elapsed time between the intervention and outcome measurements. Data about the methodological quality of the study were also abstracted.
Data synthesis
Across 20 cohorts from 7 countries for 11 different types of cancer and using up to 6 different ways to categorize omega-3 fatty acid consumption, 65 estimates of the association between omega-3 fatty acid consumption were reported. Among these, only 8 were statistically significant. The high degree of heterogeneity across these studies precluded pooling of data. For breast cancer 1 significant estimate was for increased risk (incidence risk ratio [IRR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.98) and 3 were for decreased risk (RR, 0.68-0.72); 7 other estimates did not show a significant association. For colorectal cancer, there was 1 estimate of decreased risk (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.89) and 17 estimates without association. For lung cancer one of the significant associations was for increased cancer risk (IRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.3), the other was for decreased risk (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.76), and 4 other estimates were not significant. For prostate cancer, there was 1 estimate of decreased risk (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.22-0.83) and 1 of increased risk (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.34-2.93) for advanced prostate cancer; 15 other estimates did not show a significant association. The study that assessed skin cancer found an increased risk (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27). No significant associations between omega-3 fatty acid consumption and cancer incidence were found for aerodigestive cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, or stomach cancer.
Conclusions
A large body of literature spanning numerous cohorts from many countries and with different demographic characteristics does not provide evidence to suggest a significant association between omega-3 fatty acids and cancer incidence. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids is unlikely to prevent cancer.
Resumen vía Europe PMC. Los derechos de autor siguen siendo de los autores o la editorial.
Confianza de la comunidad
Cargando…
¿Cuánto confías en los hallazgos de este estudio?
Comentarios
¿Algo está mal aquí?
Señala este estudio si su información, etiquetas o financiación parecen incorrectas. Un editor revisa cada señalamiento.
Información educativa sobre investigación publicada. No es consejo médico ni una recomendación para empezar o dejar nada.