Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Nordmann AJ, Nordmann A, Briel M, Keller U, Yancy WS, Brehm BJ, Bucher HC
Archives of internal medicine · 615 citas
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Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Metaanálisis (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
- Consumo medido con
- No se indica
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2006-02-13 · Arch Intern Med · vol. 166 · número 3 · pág. 285
- Editorial
- American Medical Association
- Citado
- 971 citas · más que el 100% de estudios similares · 41.2× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 29 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Diet and metabolism studies · Dietary Effects on Health · Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Palabras clave
- low-carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, caloric restriction, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index
- MeSH
- humans, cardiovascular diseases, weight loss, cholesterol, insulin, dietary carbohydrates, blood glucose, triglycerides, diet, fat-restricted, risk factors, blood pressure, randomized controlled trials as topic
7 autores
- Alain J. Nordmann🇨🇭University Hospital of Basel
- A Nordmann🇨🇭University Hospital of Basel
- Matthias Briel
- Ulrich Bernd Keller
- William S. Yancy
- Bonnie J. Brehm
- Heiner C. Bucher
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Background
Low-carbohydrate diets have become increasingly popular for weight loss. However, evidence from individual trials about benefits and risks of these diets to achieve weight loss and modify cardiovascular risk factors is preliminary.
Methods
We used the Cochrane Collaboration search strategy to identify trials comparing the effects of low-carbohydrate diets without restriction of energy intake vs low-fat diets in individuals with a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of at least 25. Included trials had to report changes in body weight in intention-to-treat analysis and to have a follow-up of at least 6 months. Two reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility and quality of randomized controlled trials.
Results
Five trials including a total of 447 individuals fulfilled our inclusion criteria. After 6 months, individuals assigned to low-carbohydrate diets had lost more weight than individuals randomized to low-fat diets (weighted mean difference, -3.3 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.3 to -1.4 kg). This difference was no longer obvious after 12 months (weighted mean difference, -1.0 kg; 95% CI, -3.5 to 1.5 kg). There were no differences in blood pressure. Triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values changed more favorably in individuals assigned to low-carbohydrate diets (after 6 months, for triglycerides, weighted mean difference, -22.1 mg/dL [-0.25 mmol/L]; 95% CI, -38.1 to -5.3 mg/dL [-0.43 to -0.06 mmol/L]; and for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weighted mean difference, 4.6 mg/dL [0.12 mmol/L]; 95% CI, 1.5-8.1 mg/dL [0.04-0.21 mmol/L]), but total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values changed more favorably in individuals assigned to low-fat diets (weighted mean difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after 6 months, 5.4 mg/dL [0.14 mmol/L]; 95% CI, 1.2-10.1 mg/dL [0.03-0.26 mmol/L]).
Conclusions
Low-carbohydrate, non-energy-restricted diets appear to be at least as effective as low-fat, energy-restricted diets in inducing weight loss for up to 1 year. However, potential favorable changes in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values should be weighed against potential unfavorable changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values when low-carbohydrate diets to induce weight loss are considered.
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