Seminal and molecular evidence that sauna exposure affects human spermatogenesis
Garolla A, Torino M, Sartini B, Cosci I, Patassini C, Carraro U, Foresta C
Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 103 citas
Etiquetas de revisión
Financiación no declaradaDatos neutrales que nuestra revisión registró sobre cómo se hizo este estudio. Describen el método, nunca si nos gusta el resultado.
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Estudio de cohortes (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2013-02-14 · Hum Reprod · vol. 28 · número 4 · págs. 877–885
- Editorial
- Oxford University Press
- Citado
- 160 citas · más que el 94% de estudios similares · 3.7× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 58 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · High Altitude and Hypoxia · Spaceflight effects on biology
- Palabras clave
- Sperm, Spermatogenesis, Andrology, Hypoxia (environmental), Endocrinology, Sperm motility, Medicine, Internal medicine, Biology, Chemistry, Oxygen
- MeSH
- scrotum, humans, testosterone, inhibins, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, sperm count, steam bath, longitudinal studies, apoptosis, spermatogenesis, sperm motility, cell hypoxia, gene expression regulation, heat-shock response, male, hot temperature
7 autores
- Andrea Garolla🇮🇹University of Padua
- M Torino🇮🇹University of Padua
- Barbara Sartini🇮🇹University of Padua
- Ilaria Cosci🇮🇹University of Padua
- Cristina Patassini🇮🇹University of Padua
- Umberto Carraro🇮🇹University of Padua
- Carlo Foresta🇮🇹 · autor de correspondenciaUniversity of Padua
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Study question
What are the effects of continuous sauna exposure on seminal parameters, sperm chromatin, sperm apoptosis and expression of genes involved in heat stress and hypoxia?
Summary answer
Scrotal hyperthermia by exposure to sauna can induce a significant alteration of spermatogenesis.
What is known already
Several authors have evidenced that high temperature has dramatic effects on spermatogenesis.
Study design, size and duration
A longitudinal time-course study. Data from 10 subjects exposed to Finnish sauna were collected before sauna (T0), after 3 months of sauna sessions (T1) and after 3 (T2) and 6 months (T3) from the end of sauna exposure.
Participants/materials, setting and methods
Ten normozoospermic volunteers underwent two sauna sessions per week for 3 months, at 80-90°C, each lasting 15 min. Sex hormones, sperm parameters, sperm chromatin structure, sperm apoptosis and expression of genes involved in heat stress and hypoxia were evaluated at the start, at the end of sauna exposure and after 3 and 6 months from sauna discontinuation. Student's t-test for paired data was used for statistical analysis.
Main results and the role of chance
At the end of sauna exposure, we found a strong impairment of sperm count and motility (P < 0.001), while no significant change in sex hormones was present. Decreases in the percentage of sperm with normal histone-protamine substitution (78.7 ± 4.5 versus 69.0 ± 4.1), chromatin condensation (70.7 ± 4.7 versus 63.6 ± 3.3) and mitochondrial function (76.8 ± 4.9 versus 54.0 ± 6.1) were also evident at T1, and strong parallel up-regulation of genes involved in response to heat stress and hypoxia was found. All these effects were completely reversed at T3.
Limitations and reasons for caution
Absence of subjects with abnormal sperm parameters was the major limitation of this study.
Wider implications of the findings
Our data demonstrated for the first time that in normozoospermic subjects, sauna exposure induces a significant but reversible impairment of spermatogenesis, including alteration of sperm parameters, mitochondrial function and sperm DNA packaging. The large use of Finnish sauna in Nordic countries and its growing use in other parts of the world make it important to consider the impact of this lifestyle choice on men's fertility.
Study funding/competing interest(s)
No external funding was sought for this study and the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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