Optimizing Cold Water Immersion for Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia: A Meta-analysis
Zhang Y, Davis JK, Casa DJ, Bishop PA
Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 36 citas
Etiquetas de revisión
Financiación no declaradaDatos neutrales que nuestra revisión registró sobre cómo se hizo este estudio. Describen el método, nunca si nos gusta el resultado.
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Metaanálisis (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2015-04-24 · Med Sci Sports Exerc · vol. 47 · número 11 · págs. 2464–2472
- Editorial
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Citado
- 50 citas · más que el 87% de estudios similares · 2.2× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 62 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Exercise and Physiological Responses · Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Palabras clave
- Confidence interval, Medicine, Mean difference, Immersion (mathematics), Hyperthermia, Internal medicine, Mathematics
- MeSH
- humans, fever, water, body surface area, exercise, cryotherapy, immersion, body temperature regulation, adult, cold temperature
4 autores
- Yang Zhang🇺🇸Gatorade Sports Science Institute
- Jon-Kyle Davis🇺🇸Gatorade Sports Science Institute
- Douglas J. Casa🇺🇸University of Connecticut
- Phillip A. Bishop🇺🇸University of Alabama
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Purpose
Cold water immersion (CWI) provides rapid cooling in events of exertional heat stroke. Optimal procedures for CWI in the field are not well established. This meta-analysis aimed to provide structured analysis of the effectiveness of CWI on the cooling rate in healthy adults subjected to exercise-induced hyperthermia.
Methods
An electronic search (December 2014) was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science. The mean difference of the cooling rate between CWI and passive recovery was calculated. Pooled analyses were based on a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were identified through a mixed-effects model Q statistic. Inferential statistics aggregated the CWI cooling rate for extrapolation.
Results
Nineteen studies qualified for inclusion. Results demonstrate CWI elicited a significant effect: mean difference, 0.03°C·min(-1); 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.04°C·min(-1). A conservative, observed estimate of the CWI cooling rate was 0.08°C·min(-1) across various conditions. CWI cooled individuals twice as fast as passive recovery. Subgroup analyses revealed that cooling was more effective (Q test P < 0.10) when preimmersion core temperature ≥38.6°C, immersion water temperature ≤10°C, ambient temperature ≥20°C, immersion duration ≤10 min, and using torso plus limbs immersion. There is insufficient evidence of effect using forearms/hands CWI for rapid cooling: mean difference, 0.01°C·min(-1); 95% confidence interval, -0.01°C·min(-1) to 0.04°C·min(-1). A combined data summary, pertaining to 607 subjects from 29 relevant studies, was presented for referencing the weighted cooling rate and recovery time, aiming for practitioners to better plan emergency procedures.
Conclusions
An optimal procedure for yielding high cooling rates is proposed. Using prompt vigorous CWI should be encouraged for treating exercise-induced hyperthermia whenever possible, using cold water temperature (approximately 10°C) and maximizing body surface contact (whole-body immersion).
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