Necessity of Removing American Football Uniforms From Humans With Hyperthermia Before Cold-Water Immersion
Miller KC, Long BC, Edwards J
Journal of athletic training · 12 citas
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Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ensayo clínico controlado (clasificado por nuestro filtro de IA)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2015-12-01 · J Athl Train · vol. 50 · número 12 · págs. 1240–1246
- Editorial
- National Athletic Trainers' Association
- Citado
- 16 citas · más que el 77% de estudios similares · 1.1× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 45 trabajos
- Acceso
- Lectura gratuita
- Áreas de investigación
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Exercise and Physiological Responses · Infrared Thermography in Medicine
- Palabras clave
- SOCKS, Heat illness, Medicine, Crew, Football, Physical therapy, Context (archaeology), Crossover study, Aeronautics, Engineering, History
- MeSH
- humans, heat stress disorders, water, body temperature, exercise, cross-over studies, immersion, football, clothing, adult, united states, male, cold temperature, hot temperature, young adult
3 autores
- Kevin Charles Miller🇺🇸Central Michigan University
- Blaine C. Long🇺🇸Central Michigan University
- Jeffrey E. Edwards🇺🇸Central Michigan University
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Context
The National Athletic Trainers' Association and the American College of Sports Medicine have recommended removing American football uniforms from athletes with exertional heat stroke before cold-water immersion (CWI) based on the assumption that the uniform impedes rectal temperature (T(rec)) cooling. Few experimental data exist to verify or disprove this assumption and the recommendations.
Objectives
To compare CWI durations, T(rec) cooling rates, thermal sensation, intensity of environmental symptoms, and onset of shivering when hyperthermic participants wore football uniforms during CWI or removed the uniforms immediately before CWI.
Design
Crossover study.
Setting
Laboratory.
Patients or other participants
Eighteen hydrated, physically active men (age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 182.5 ± 6.1 cm, mass = 85.4 ± 13.4 kg, body fat = 11% ± 5%, body surface area = 2.1 ± 0.2 m(2)) volunteered.
Intervention(s)
On 2 days, participants exercised in the heat (approximately 40°C, approximately 40% relative humidity) while wearing a full American football uniform (shoes; crew socks; undergarments; shorts; game pants; undershirt; shoulder pads; jersey; helmet; and padding over the thighs, knees, hips, and tailbone [PADS]) until T(rec) reached 39.5°C. Next, participants immersed themselves in water that was approximately 10°C while wearing either undergarments, shorts, and crew socks (NOpads) or PADS without shoes until Trec reached 38°C.
Main outcome measure(s)
The CWI duration (minutes) and T(rec) cooling rates (°C/min).
Results
Participants had similar exercise times (NOpads = 40.8 ± 4.9 minutes, PADS = 43.2 ± 4.1 minutes; t(17) = 2.0, P = .10), hypohydration levels (NOpads = 1.5% ± 0.3%, PADS = 1.6% ± 0.4%; t(17) = 1.3, P = .22), and thermal-sensation ratings (NOpads = 7.2 ± 0.3, PADS = 7.1 ± 0.5; P > .05) before CWI. The CWI duration (median [interquartile range]; NOpads = 6.0 [5.4] minutes, PADS = 7.3 [9.8] minutes; z = 2.3, P = .01) and T(rec) cooling rates (NOpads = 0.28°C/min ± 0.14°C/min, PADS = 0.21°C/min ± 0.11°C/min; t(17) = 2.2, P = .02) differed between uniform conditions.
Conclusions
Whereas participants cooled faster in NOpads, we still considered the PADS cooling rate to be acceptable (ie, >0.16°C/min). Therefore, if clinicians experience difficulty removing PADS or CWI treatment is delayed, they may immerse fully equipped hyperthermic football players in CWI and maintain acceptable T(rec) cooling rates. Otherwise, PADS should be removed preimmersion to ensure faster body core temperature cooling.
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