Pattern of Emotional Benefits Induced by Regular Singing and Music Listening in Dementia

Cómo se estudió

Diseño

Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (indexado por PubMed)

Estudiado en

Personas

Resultado principal

Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento

Quién lo pagó

Financiación

Financiación independiente

Gobierno

Academy of Finland

Gobierno

Suomen Akatemia

Subvenciones

Academy of Finland (141106); Academy of Finland (257077)

Según 2 financiadores declarados.

Publicación

Publicado

2016-02-01 · J Am Geriatr Soc · vol. 64 · número 2 · págs. 439–440

Editorial

Wiley

Citado

53 citas · más que el 98% de estudios similares · 10.0× el promedio de su campo

Impacto

Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo

Referencias

11 trabajos

Acceso

De pago

Áreas de investigación

Music Therapy and Health · Neuroscience and Music Perception · Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders

Palabras clave

Medicine, Singing, Active listening, Dementia, Audiology, Gerontology, Communication, Acoustics, Internal medicine, Psychology

MeSH

humans, dementia, emotions, psychiatric status rating scales, quality of life, music, aged, female, male, singing

6 autores

• Teppo Särkämö🇫🇮University of Helsinki
• Sari Laitinen🇫🇮Miina Sillanpää Foundation
• Ava Numminen
• Merja Kurki🇫🇮Miina Sillanpää Foundation
• Julene K. Johnson🇺🇸University of California, San Francisco; Institute on Aging
• Pekka Rantanen🇫🇮Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities; Validia Rehabilitation

Texto inicial

El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.

Este estudio se publicó sin resumen, como suele pasar con las cartas de investigación y los reportes breves. Así empieza; el texto completo se puede leer gratis.

To the Editor: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs), such as depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent symptoms in persons with dementia (PWDs) and represent one of the most complex, stressful, and costly aspects of dementia care.1 Previous studies have demonstrated that the capacity of music to evoke emotions and memories is often preserved even in severe Alzheimer's disease (AD)2 and that music therapy or musical activities can enhance mood and social interaction in PWDs, although more evidence is needed.3-5 In a recent randomized controlled trial,6 the cognitive and emotional effectiveness of two types of caregiver-implemented musical activities, singing and music listening, were compared with standard care in individuals with mild to moderate dementia. Singing and music listening improved Mini-Mental State Examination scores and attention and executive function test scores and reduced depression symptoms, as indicated by the Cornell–Brown Scale for Quality of Life in Dementia (CBS) total score.6 Extending this study, the aim of the current study was to determine whether singing and music listening, which differ motorically, cognitively, and emotionally, would show a distinct pattern of emotional benefits on the subscales of the CBS. In the trial,6 89 PWD–caregiver dyads were randomized to a singing group (SG), music listening group (MLG), or control group (CG). Inclusion criteria were mild to moderate dementia, no prior severe psychiatric illness or substance abuse, stable medication, and physically able to participate. In the SG and MLG, the dyads participated in a 10-week intervention involving weekly small-group sessions (1.5 hours per session) and home training, with a focus on coaching the caregivers to use singing of (SG) or listening (MLG) to familiar songs together with the PWD as a part of everyday care. The CG received standard care and continued with normal daily activities. All PWDs underwent neuropsychological testing, which included assessment of depression and quality of life, before (Baseline) and after (Follow-up 1) the intervention and 6 months after the intervention (Follow-up 2). Eighty-four PWDs completed the study up to Follow-up 1 and 74 up to Follow-up 2. Depression was assessed using the CBS7 based on PWD interviews and informant reports. The CBS comprises 19 bipolar (rated from −2 to 2) items and five subscales measuring depression symptoms: Mood-related signs (e.g., sadness—happiness), Ideational disturbances (e.g., self-deprecation—self-esteem), Behavioral disturbances (e.g., agitation—serenity), Physical signs (e.g., fatigue—energy), and Cyclic functions (e.g., difficulty falling asleep—falling asleep easily).7 Data were analyzed using general linear models with follow-up score as a dependent variable, group as a factor, and baseline score as a covariate. Post hoc testing was performed on the change scores using the Tukey honestly significant difference test. Table 1 shows the CBS subscale scores for PWDs in the three groups. At Follow-up 1, there were significant group effects in two of the five domains: Behavioral disturbances (F(1, 79) = 3.46, P = .04) and Physical signs (F(1, 79) = 5.20, P = .008). In Behavioral disturbances, the MLG improved more than the CG (P = .005), whereas the MLG and SG did not differ. In Physical signs, the SG (P = .001) and the MLG (P = .02) improved more than the CG. To determine how much changes in these symptoms contributed to change in overall depression, the percentage of each CBS subscale change score (Follow-up 1 – Baseline) was also calculated from the CBS total change score (Follow-up 1 – Baseline) in both groups. This analysis indicated that improvement in Physical signs contributed more to improvement in CBS total score in the SG (38%) than in the MLG (10%), whereas improvement in Behavioral disturbances had a similar contribution to improvement in CBS total score in the SG (18%) and MLG (26%). At longitudinal Follow-up 2, no significant group effects were observed on any of the subscales. Previous studies that have included active (singing or music therapy) and passive (listening-based) music interventions have found short-term emotional benefits but slightly larger positive effects on BPSDs and arousal for active interventions in PWDs8, 9 and individuals with other neurological conditions, such as quadriplegia.10 The present results extend these findings by showing that singing and listening to music can target different domains of depression symptoms in individuals with mild to moderate dementia. Although both music intervention groups showed greater benefits in negative affect and ideation (e.g., anxiety, pessimism, self-esteem) than the CG, the largest gains in the MLG were observed for the behavioral disturbances of depression, such as agitation and loss of interest, whereas the SG showed pronounced gains in the physical signs of depression, including lack of energy and weight loss. It is likely that this pattern of results is related to the different natures of the interventions in terms of emotional valence and arousal; although both activities are highly pleasant and rewarding, listening to music and the associated reminiscence can be more calming and relaxing, whereas engaging in joint singing can be more energizing, refreshing, and stress-reducing. We thank the PWDs and their caregivers and nurses for participation in this study. Special thanks to Mari Tervaniemi, Jennie Lilland, Milla Holma, Ilona Kiesilä, Hanna Clutterbuck, Tarja Lampinen, Raisa Saloheimo, Eija Sorvari, Marja Hietanen, Timo Erkinjuntti, and Laura Hokkanen for their valuable assistance and expertise in planning and implementing the study. The generous collaboration of the Miina Sillanpää Foundation, the Helsinki Alzheimer Association, the Tapiola Service Centre, the Helsinki Senior Citizens Foundation, and the Kustaankartano Centre for the Elderly is gratefully acknowledged. Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper. This work was supported by grants from the Miina Sillanpää Foundation (Helsinki, Finland), the Finland's Slot Machine Association (Grant C28), and the Academy of Finland (Projects 141106 and 257077). Author Contributions: Särkämö: study concept and design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of results, preparation of manuscript. Laitinen, Numminen: study concept and design, implementation of interventions, interpretation of results. Kurki, Johnson, Rantanen: study concept and design, interpretation of results. Sponsor's Role: None.

Texto vía OpenAlex. Los derechos de autor siguen siendo de los autores o la editorial.

Confianza de la comunidad

Cargando…

¿Cuánto confías en los hallazgos de este estudio?

Comentarios

¿Algo está mal aquí?

Señala este estudio si su información, etiquetas o financiación parecen incorrectas. Un editor revisa cada señalamiento.