Methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine for cognitive enhancement in chess: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Franke AG, Gränsmark P, Agricola A, Schühle K, Rommel T, Sebastian A, Balló HE, Gorbulev S, Gerdes C, Frank B, Ruckes C, Tüscher O, Lieb K
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 32 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- World Anti-Doping Agency
- Universidad u hospital
- Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- Universidad u hospital
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Mainz, Germany
Según 3 financiadores declarados.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2017-01-22 · Eur Neuropsychopharmacol · vol. 27 · número 3 · págs. 248–260
- Editorial
- Elsevier BV
- Citado
- 98 citas · más que el 98% de estudios similares · 7.7× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 103 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations · Coffee research and impacts · Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Palabras clave
- methylphenidate, modafinil, caffeine, cognitive enhancement, chess performance, stimulants, time pressure, reflective decision-making, neuropsychological outcomes
- MeSH
- humans, methylphenidate, benzhydryl compounds, caffeine, central nervous system stimulants, analysis of variance, retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, double-blind method, cognition, neuropsychological tests, adult, middle aged, female, male, wakefulness-promoting agents, modafinil
13 autores
- Andreas Guenter Franke🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences
- Patrik Gränsmark🇸🇪Stockholm University
- Alexandra Agricola🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Kai Schühle🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Thilo Rommel🇩🇪Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Alexandra Sebastian🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Harald E. Balló🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Stanislav Gorbulev🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Christer Gerdes🇸🇪Stockholm University
- Björn Frank🇩🇪University of Kassel
- Christian Ruckes🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Oliver Tüscher🇩🇪University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Klaus Lieb🇩🇪 · autor de correspondenciaUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Stimulants and caffeine have been proposed for cognitive enhancement by healthy subjects. This study investigated whether performance in chess - a competitive mind game requiring highly complex cognitive skills - can be enhanced by methylphenidate, modafinil or caffeine. In a phase IV, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 39 male chess players received 2×200mg modafinil, 2×20mg methylphenidate, and 2×200mg caffeine or placebo in a 4×4 crossover design. They played twenty 15-minute games during two sessions against a chess program (Fritz 12; adapted to players' strength) and completed several neuropsychological tests. Marked substance effects were observed since all three substances significantly increased average reflection time per game compared to placebo resulting in a significantly increased number of games lost on time with all three treatments. Treatment effects on chess performance were not seen if all games (n=3059) were analysed. Only when controlling for game duration as well as when excluding those games lost on time, both modafinil and methylphenidate enhanced chess performance as demonstrated by significantly higher scores in the remaining 2876 games compared to placebo. In conjunction with results from neuropsychological testing we conclude that modifying effects of stimulants on complex cognitive tasks may in particular result from more reflective decision making processes. When not under time pressure, such effects may result in enhanced performance. Yet, under time constraints more reflective decision making may not improve or even have detrimental effects on complex task performance.
Resumen vía Europe PMC. Los derechos de autor siguen siendo de los autores o la editorial.
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