Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women: a prospective cohort study
Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK, Khan H, Willeit P, Zaccardi F, Laukkanen JA
BMC medicine · 44 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Estudio de cohortes (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Eventos clínicos como enfermedad o muerte
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
- Universidad u hospital
- Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- Sydäntutkimussäätiö
Según 3 financiadores declarados y la declaración de financiación del texto completo.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2018-11-25 · BMC Med · vol. 16 · número 1 · pág. 219
- Editorial
- BioMed Central
- Citado
- 62 citas · más que el 84% de estudios similares · 1.7× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 65 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista) · CC-BY
- Áreas de investigación
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements · Body Contouring and Surgery
- Palabras clave
- Medicine, Prospective cohort study, Bathing, Cohort study, Cohort, Gerontology, Demography, Environmental health, Internal medicine, Pathology
- MeSH
- humans, cardiovascular diseases, steam bath, proportional hazards models, risk factors, prospective studies, risk reduction behavior, aged, middle aged, female, male
6 autores
- Tanjaniina Laukkanen🇫🇮University of Eastern Finland; Central Finland Health Care District
- Setor K. Kunutsor🇬🇧University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust; Southmead Hospital; National Institute for Health and Care Research; University of Bristol
- Hassan Khan🇺🇸Emory University
- Peter Willeit🇦🇹🇬🇧Innsbruck Medical University; University of Cambridge
- Francesco Zaccardi🇬🇧University of Leicester; Leicester General Hospital
- Jari A. Laukkanen🇫🇮 · autor de correspondenciaUniversity of Eastern Finland; Central Finland Health Care District; University of Jyväskylä
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Background
Previous evidence indicates that sauna bathing is related to a reduced risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sauna habits and CVD mortality in men and women, and whether adding information on sauna habits to conventional cardiovascular risk factors is associated with improvement in prediction of CVD mortality risk.
Methods
Sauna bathing habits were assessed at baseline in a sample of 1688 participants (mean age 63; range 53-74 years), of whom 51.4% were women. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to investigate the relationships of frequency and duration of sauna use with CVD mortality.
Results
A total of 181 fatal CVD events occurred during a median follow-up of 15.0 years (interquartile range, 14.1-15.9). The risk of CVD mortality decreased linearly with increasing sauna sessions per week with no threshold effect. In age- and sex-adjusted analysis, compared with participants who had one sauna bathing session per week, HRs (95% CIs) for CVD mortality were 0.71 (0.52 to 0.98) and 0.30 (0.14 to 0.64) for participants with two to three and four to seven sauna sessions per week, respectively. After adjustment for established CVD risk factors, potential confounders including physical activity, socioeconomic status, and incident coronary heart disease, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 0.75 (0.52 to 1.08) and 0.23 (0.08 to 0.65), respectively. The duration of sauna use (minutes per week) was inversely associated with CVD mortality in a continuous manner. Addition of information on sauna bathing frequency to a CVD mortality risk prediction model containing established risk factors was associated with a C-index change (0.0091; P = 0.010), difference in - 2 log likelihood (P = 0.019), and categorical net reclassification improvement (4.14%; P = 0.004).
Conclusions
Higher frequency and duration of sauna bathing are each strongly, inversely, and independently associated with fatal CVD events in middle-aged to elderly males and females. The frequency of sauna bathing improves the prediction of the long-term risk for CVD mortality.
Resumen vía Europe PMC. Los derechos de autor siguen siendo de los autores o la editorial (CC BY).
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