Risk or benefit? Side effects of caffeine supplementation in sport: a systematic review
de Souza JG, Del Coso J, Fonseca FS, Silva BVC, de Souza DB, da Silva Gianoni RL, Filip-Stachnik A, Serrão JC, Claudino JG
European journal of nutrition · 78 citas
Etiquetas de revisión
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Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Revisión sistemática (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2022-04-05 · Eur J Nutr · vol. 61 · número 8 · págs. 3823–3834
- Editorial
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Citado
- 107 citas · más que el 98% de estudios similares · 5.2× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 82 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Coffee research and impacts · Sports Performance and Training · Doping in Sports
- Palabras clave
- caffeine supplementation, athletes, adverse effects, caffeine dose, tachycardia, palpitations, sleep onset, ergogenic aids, caffeine dose-response
- MeSH
- humans, caffeine, physical endurance, dietary supplements, athletic performance, performance-enhancing substances
9 autores
- Jefferson Gomes de Souza🇧🇷Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Juan Del Coso🇪🇸Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Fabiano de Souza Fonseca🇧🇷Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
- Bruno Victor Corrêa da Silva🇧🇷Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte; Universidade de Itaúna
- Diego Brito de Souza🇪🇸Camilo José Cela University
- Rodrigo Luiz da Silva Gianoni
- Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik🇵🇱 · autor de correspondenciaAkademii Wychowania Fizycznego im. Jerzego Kukuczki w Katowicach
- Júlio Cerca Serrão🇧🇷Universidade de São Paulo
- João Gustavo Claudino🇧🇷Universidade de São Paulo; Universidade Federal do Piauí; Universidade de Itaúna
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to systematically review evidence on the prevalence and magnitude of side effects associated with caffeine supplementation in athletes.
Methods
Systematic searches through the PubMed, VHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles written in English that reported the prevalence/percentage or magnitude/effect size of side effects after caffeine supplementation in athletes in a sports context were included. Studies were grouped by the dose of caffeine administered as follows: low = ≤ 3.0 mg/kg; moderate = from 3.1 to 6.0 mg/kg; high = ≥ 6.1 mg/kg. The magnitude of the side effects was calculated with effect sizes.
Results
The search retrieved 25 studies that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria with a pooled sample of 421 participants. The supplementation with caffeine produced a higher prevalence or magnitude of all side effects under investigation when compared to placebo/control situations. The prevalence (magnitude) was between 6 and 34% (ES between 0.13 and 1.11) for low doses of caffeine, between 0 and 34% (ES between -0.13 and 1.20) for moderate doses of caffeine, and between 8 and 83% (ES between 0.04 and 1.52) with high doses of caffeine. The presence of tachycardia/heart palpitations and the negative effects on sleep onset had the highest prevalence and magnitude, in athletes using supplementation with caffeine.
Conclusion
In summary, caffeine supplementation in the doses habitually used to enhance physical performance produces several side effects, both after exercise and at least 24 h after the ingestion. However, the prevalence and magnitude of side effects with high doses of caffeine were habitually higher than with low doses of caffeine. From a practical perspective, using ~3.0 mg/kg of caffeine may be the dose of choice to obtain the ergogenic benefits of caffeine with the lowest prevalence and magnitude of side effects.
Resumen vía Europe PMC. Los derechos de autor siguen siendo de los autores o la editorial.
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