Financiado en parte por California Walnut Commission
Walnut consumption and health outcomes with public health relevance-a systematic review of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 2017 to present
Lockyer S, de la Hunty AE, Steenson S, Spiro A, Stanner SA
Nutrition reviews · 10 citas
Etiquetas de revisión
Financiado por la industriaDatos neutrales que nuestra revisión registró sobre cómo se hizo este estudio. Describen el método, nunca si nos gusta el resultado.
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Revisión sistemática (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Eventos clínicos como enfermedad o muerte
- Consumo medido con
- No se indica
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiado por la industria
- Grupo de la industria
- California Walnut Commission
- Universidad u hospital
- King's College London
- Universidad u hospital
- Aston University
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- British Nutrition Foundation’s
Según 4 financiadores declarados.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2022-08-01 · Nutr Rev · vol. 81 · número 1 · págs. 26–54
- Editorial
- Oxford University Press
- Citado
- 21 citas · más que el 74% de estudios similares · 1.3× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 177 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista híbrida) · CC-BY-NC-ND
- Áreas de investigación
- Nuts composition and effects · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Palabras clave
- walnut consumption, Juglans regia, cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, serum lipids, glucose metabolism, inflammation, hemostasis, cancer risk, mental health, musculoskeletal disorders, maternal disorders, disease risk markers, dietary intervention, cardiovascular function, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability
- MeSH
- humans, juglans, diabetes mellitus, type 2, body weight, glucose, cohort studies, public health, randomized controlled trials as topic, outcome assessment, health care
5 autores
- Stacey Lockyer🇬🇧 · autor de correspondenciaBritish Nutrition Foundation
- Anne de la Hunty🇬🇧British Nutrition Foundation
- Simon Steenson🇬🇧British Nutrition Foundation
- Ayela Spiro🇬🇧British Nutrition Foundation
- Sara A. Stanner🇬🇧British Nutrition Foundation
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Context
Considering the accumulation of recent studies investigating the health effects of walnut consumption, both including and beyond cardiovascular health effects, a systematic review of this literature to investigate the strength of the evidence is warranted.
Objective
To investigate associations between walnut consumption and outcomes with public health relevance (specifically all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes, CVD, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, neurological and mental health, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and maternal disorders) and the effect on associated disease risk markers, reported in studies published from 2017 to present.
Data sources
MEDLINE, FSTA, CENTRAL, and Scopus were searched from 1 January 2017 to 5 May 2021.
Data extraction
Human studies (cohort studies and RCTs) ≥3 weeks in duration comparing consumption of walnuts (whole, pieces, or 100% butter) to a control and measuring associations with relevant public health outcomes and disease risk markers were assessed. Key study characteristics were extracted independently by 2 investigators using a standardized table. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool 2.0 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Data analysis
Only 1 RCT was considered to be at low risk of bias for any of its outcomes. The cohort studies were considered to be of moderate or high quality. The results were synthesized using vote counting, based on the direction of effect. Thirty-three articles, 23 describing RCTs (walnut dose ∼10-99 g/day, 1,948 subjects) and 10 describing cohort studies (∼675,928 subjects), were included. Vote counting could be performed for the blood lipids, cardiovascular function, inflammation- and hemostatic-related factors, markers of glucose metabolism, and body weight and composition outcome groupings. The results are presented in effect direction plots. With respect to blood lipids, results from 8/8 RCTs favoured walnuts, in accordance with associations with a reduced risk of CVD suggested by cohort studies; results from 6/6 RCTs favoured control with respect to body weight and composition, although most of these effects were small. This was contrary to cohort study results suggesting small benefits of walnut consumption on body weight. There was no overall consistent direction of effect for cardiovascular function, markers of glucose metabolism, or inflammation- and hemostatic-related factors.
Conclusions
Evidence published since 2017 is consistent with previous research suggesting that walnut consumption improves lipid profiles and is associated with reduced CVD risk. Evidence is accumulating in other areas, such as cognitive health, although more research is needed to draw firm conclusions.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD4202122.
Resumen vía Europe PMC. Los derechos de autor siguen siendo de los autores o la editorial (CC BY-NC-ND).
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