Financiado en parte por California Walnut Commission
Walnut consumption and gut microbial metabolism: Results of an exploratory analysis from a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study
Petersen KS, Chandra M, Chen See JR, Leister J, Jafari F, Tindall A, Kris-Etherton PM, Lamendella R
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 6 citas
Etiquetas de revisión
Alimentación controladaFinanciado por la industriaSolo mecanismosDatos neutrales que nuestra revisión registró sobre cómo se hizo este estudio. Describen el método, nunca si nos gusta el resultado.
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Solo mecanismos
- Consumo medido con
- Comida provista por los investigadores
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiado por la industria
- Universidad u hospital
- University of Pennsylvania
- Universidad u hospital
- Pennsylvania State University
- Grupo de la industria
- California Walnut Commission
Según 3 financiadores declarados.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2023-09-27 · Clin Nutr · vol. 42 · número 11 · págs. 2258–2269
- Editorial
- Elsevier BV
- Citado
- 9 citas · más que el 63% de estudios similares · 0.7× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 46 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista híbrida) · CC-BY
- Áreas de investigación
- Gut microbiota and health · Nuts composition and effects · Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Palabras clave
- walnut consumption, gut microbiota, gut microbiota metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid, oleic acid, Gordonibacter, GATM, arginine deiminase, bacterial gene expression, metatranscriptomics, dietary fat, Western diet, alpha diversity, beta diversity, arginine metabolism, glycine metabolism
- MeSH
- humans, juglans, nuts, carbohydrates, diet, cross-over studies, diet, western, gastrointestinal microbiome
8 autores
- Kristina S. Petersen🇺🇸 · autor de correspondenciaTexas Tech University; Pennsylvania State University
- M. Chandra🇺🇸Juniata College
- Jeremy R. Chen See🇺🇸Juniata College
- Jillian Leister🇺🇸Juniata College
- Fatemeh Jafari🇺🇸Texas Tech University
- Alyssa M. Tindall🇺🇸Pennsylvania State University; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Penny M. Kris‐Etherton🇺🇸Pennsylvania State University
- Regina Lamendella🇺🇸Juniata College
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Background & aims
The effect of walnut-related modulation of gut microbiota composition on microbiota functionality is unknown. The aim was to characterize the effect of a walnut-enriched diet (WD), compared to a fatty acid-matched diet devoid of walnuts (WFMD) and a diet where oleic acid replaces alpha-linolenic acid (ORAD), on bacterial gene expression.
Methods
A 3-period, randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study was conducted. Participants were provided a 2-week run-in standard western diet (SWD; 50% kcal carbohydrate, 16% protein, 34% fat, 12% SFA). Following the SWD in random sequence order, participants were provided the WD, WFMD, and ORAD (48% carbohydrate; 17% protein; fat 35%; 7% SFA). The WD contained 18% of energy from walnuts (57 g/d/2100 kcal). The WFMD and ORAD were devoid of walnuts; liquid non-tropical plant oils were included in these diets. Metatranscriptomic analyses were performed as an exploratory outcome.
Results
The analytical sample included 35 participants (40% female) with a mean ± SD age of 43 ± 10 y and BMI of 30.3 ± 4.9 kg/m2. The ⍺-diversity of taxa actively expressing genes, assessed by observed species (p = 0.27) and Pielou's Evenness (p = 0.09), did not differ among the diets. The ⍺-diversity of actively expressed genes was greater following the WD compared to the WFMD and ORAD as assessed by the observed genes and Pielou's Evenness metrics (p < 0.05). β-Diversity of the actively expressed genes differed following the WD compared to the WFMD (p = 0.001) and ORAD (p = 0.001); β-diversity did not differ between the WFMD and ORAD. Active composition analyses showed increased Gordonibacter (p < 0.001) activity following the WD vs. the ORAD. Greater expression of many genes was observed following the WD compared to the WFMD and ORAD. Following the WD, greater expression of metabolism-related genes encoding glycine amidinotransferase (GATM; K00613) and arginine deiminase (K01478) was observed compared to the WFMD. Greater expression of glycine amidinotransferase (GATM; K00613) by Gordonibacter was also observed following the WD vs. the WFMD and ORAD.
Conclusion
Our results suggest walnut intake may increase endogenous production of homoarginine through gut microbiota-mediated upregulation of GATM, which is a novel mechanism by which walnuts may lower cardiovascular disease risk. However, given the exploratory nature replication is needed.
Clinical trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02210767).
Resumen vía Europe PMC. Los derechos de autor siguen siendo de los autores o la editorial (CC BY).
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