The acute effects of caffeine, creatine, and carbohydrate mouth rinse combined with conditioning activity on subsequent sports performance: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis
Li Y, Qiu B, Kuai H, Huang K, Liu H, Zhang M, Yin M, Zhang Y, Deng H, Zhong Y, Kong H, Chen J, Xu K
Frontiers in nutrition · 4 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Revisión sistemática (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
Según la declaración de financiación del texto completo.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2025-11-05 · Front Nutr · vol. 12 · pág. 1669004
- Editorial
- Frontiers Media
- Citado
- 4 citas · más que el 75% de estudios similares · 1.1× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 39 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista) · CC-BY
- Áreas de investigación
- Sports Performance and Training · Muscle metabolism and nutrition · Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Palabras clave
- post-activation performance enhancement, caffeine, creatine, carbohydrate mouth rinse, conditioning activity, athletic performance, fatigue resistance, warm-up, complex training, sports supplementation, recreational athletes
13 autores
- Yanfeng Li🇨🇳Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Bopeng Qiu🇨🇳Beijing Sport University; Tsinghua University
- Hongyan Kuai🇨🇳Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Kuo-Sheng Huang🇪🇸🇨🇳Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Shanghai University of Sport
- Hengxian Liu🇨🇳Shanghai University of Sport
- Mingyang Zhang🇨🇳Jishou University
- Mingyue Yin🇨🇳🇦🇺Shanghai University of Sport; Australian Catholic University
- Yilin Zhang🇨🇳Tianjin University of Sport
- Haijun Deng🇲🇾University of Malaya
- Yuming Zhong🇦🇺🇨🇳Edith Cowan University; Shanghai University of Sport
- Hao Kong🇲🇾University of Malaya
- Jun Chen🇨🇳Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Kai Xu🇦🇺🇨🇳 · autor de correspondenciaEdith Cowan University; Shanghai University of Sport
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Background
Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) refers to the acute improvement in sports performance following a conditioning activity (CA), commonly used in warm-up protocols and complex training. While CA alone has demonstrated performance benefits, the effects of combining CA-induced PAPE with supplements (e.g., caffeine, creatine, or carbohydrate mouth rinse) remain unclear.
Objectives
This study was to (i) assess the effects of PAPE combined with supplements on sports performance and fatigue resistance compared to PAPE + placebo, warm-up + supplements, or warm-up alone, and (ii) synthesize direct and indirect evidence on performance outcomes using network meta-analysis.
Methods
Searches were conducted across three databases. Eligible studies were randomized controlled or crossover trials involving recreationally active individuals, comparing PAPE combined with supplements to interventions (i.e., PAPE + placebo, warm-up + supplements, or warm-up alone). Outcomes related to sports performance or fatigue were analyzed using a multilevel Bayesian approach incorporating pairwise and multiple (network) comparisons.
Results
Ten studies involving 198 participants were included. Current evidence indicates that the probabilities of positive effects (effect size > 0) on sports performance for PAPE combined with supplements compared to PAPE + placebo, warm-up + supplements, warm-up + placebo, and warm-up alone were 90.83, 85.09, 92.29, and 88.10%, respectively. Additionally, PAPE combined with supplements showed an 83.65% probability of superior fatigue resistance compared to PAPE + placebo. Subgroup analysis indicated that plyometric CA (i.e., jump and sprint) combined with supplementation (all were caffeine) was more effective than plyometric CA + PLA (ES = 0.97, >0 probability = 99.79%). Network meta-analysis identified PAPE + caffeine (SURCA = 83.40%) and PAPE + carbohydrate mouth rinse (SURCA = 78.40%) as the most effective interventions for enhancing sports performance, with PAPE + caffeine exhibiting a 99.17% probability of positive effect compared to warm-up alone.
Conclusion
Preliminary evidence suggests that combining caffeine with plyometric CA is the most effective strategy for enhancing sports performance. Although creatine and carbohydrate supplementation alongside CA may provide some benefits, their effects require further investigation due to small sample sizes and potential publication bias. Practically, these findings provide preliminary evidence that consuming 3-6 mg/kg of caffeine approximately 1 h before plyometric CA may maximize performance enhancement.
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