Genetic modulation of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and health outcomes: a systematic review
Visioli F, Alfredo Martínez J, Tomé-Carneiro J
Food & function · 2 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Revisión sistemática (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Eventos clínicos como enfermedad o muerte
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Gobierno
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Gobierno
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Subvenciones
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (PRIN- 2022 Prot. 2022NZNZH8)
Según 2 financiadores declarados.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2026-01-01 · Food Funct · vol. 17 · número 5 · págs. 2176–2191
- Editorial
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Citado
- 7 citas · más que el 100% de estudios similares · 17.8× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 0 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Fatty Acid Research and Health · Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease · Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Palabras clave
- omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, genetic variation, APOE ε4, DHA supplementation, TCF7L2, FABP2, type 2 diabetes, fatty acid bioavailability, personalized nutrition, gene-diet interaction
- MeSH
- humans, fatty acid desaturases, fatty acids, omega-3, fatty acids, omega-6, delta-5 fatty acid desaturase
3 autores
- Francesco Visioli🇮🇹University of Padua
- J.Alfredo Martinez🇪🇸Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies; Universidad de Valladolid; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- João Tomé‐Carneiro🇪🇸Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Inter-individual responses to omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) interventions vary substantially, complicating standardized dietary recommendations and suggesting a role for genetic differences that influence fatty acid biosynthesis, metabolism, and downstream health effects. A PRISMA 2020-guided systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified adult studies assessing nutrigenetic interactions in the context of PUFA interventions and outcomes, yielding 132 eligible studies (79 Tier 1; 53 Tier 2) that collectively indicate pathway-specific genetic control of PUFA handling. Across 38 studies (combined n ≈ 500 000), variants in FADS1/FADS2 were consistently associated with genotype-dependent differences in long-chain PUFA synthesis, with minor allele carriers showing ∼40-60% lower conversion efficiency (14 studies reported significant interactions). In 25 studies (n ≈ 930 000), APOE ε4 carriage was associated with attenuated DHA responses to supplementation (≈20-31% lower) and markedly faster DHA turnover (≈77% shorter half-life), with significant interactions reported in 13 studies. Additional loci showed context-dependent effects, including lower type 2 diabetes odds among TCF7L2 TT carriers with high omega-3 intake (∼42% reduction) and substantially greater EPA uptake among FABP2 Thr54 carriers (up to ∼12-fold). Overall, genetic variation appears to shape omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA bioavailability and metabolism through mechanistically coherent pathways, providing a plausible explanation for inconsistent population-level intervention effects and supporting a shift toward genetically informed precision nutrition strategies for both PUFA families.
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