The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-Results of a randomized controlled trial
de Groot S, Ettema FW, van der Bijll M, Janssen TW, Achterberg-Warmer WJ, WHM study group, Hoekstra SP
Clinical rehabilitation · 0 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ensayo controlado aleatorizado (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- Dr. C.J. Vaillant Fonds
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- Reade foundation
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- Ars Donandi / Yske Walther fonds
- Organización sin fines de lucro
- W.M. de Hoop Stichting
Según 4 financiadores declarados y la declaración de financiación del texto completo.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2026-03-11 · Clin Rehabil · vol. 40 · número 8 · págs. 1016–1034
- Editorial
- SAGE Publishing
- Citado
- 0 citas · más que el 14% de estudios similares · 0.0× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 39 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista híbrida) · CC-BY
- Áreas de investigación
- Spinal Cord Injury Research · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology · Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Palabras clave
- cold exposure, breathing exercises, spinal cord injury, mental health, physical health, pain interference, lung function, fasting blood glucose, spasticity, sleep quality, chronic pain, tetraplegia, intervention feasibility
- MeSH
- humans, spinal cord injuries, treatment outcome, breathing exercises, mental health, health status, adult, middle aged, female, male, cold temperature
7 autores
- Sonja de Groot🇳🇱University Medical Center Utrecht; Reade; Amsterdam Movement Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Frank Willem Leo Ettema🇳🇱Reade
- Max van der Bijll🇳🇱Reade
- Thomas W. J. Janssen🇳🇱Reade; Amsterdam Movement Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Wendy J. Achterberg-Warmer🇳🇱Reade
- WHM study group
- Sven P. Hoekstra🇬🇧Loughborough University
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
ObjectiveTo examine the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with cold exposure (WHM-C) and without (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignRandomized-controlled trial.SettingRehabilitation center.ParticipantsSixty-two adults with chronic SCI (37% tetraplegia, 41% motor complete) were randomized into three groups: WHM-C, WHM-NC, and usual care (UC).InterventionThe intervention groups participated in a 7-week program involving weekly supervised sessions and daily home practice. WHM-NC included breathing exercises and mindset training, while WHM-C also incorporated cold exposure. UC participants received no intervention.Main measuresThe primary outcome was the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) score. Secondary outcomes included inflammatory and metabolic markers, pulmonary function, body composition, sleep quality, spasticity, chronic pain, and psychological stress.ResultsWHM-NC had eight dropouts, mostly due to motivation or unrelated medical issues, while WHM-C and UC had one dropout each. No significant differences in MHI-5 scores were observed between groups. However, WHM-C participants reported reduced pain interference in daily activities compared to UC (p=0.027). WHM-C also showed improvements in inspiratory parameters FIV1 (+27%, p=0.02) and PIF (+23%, p=0.02) and a significant reduction in fasting glucose concentration (-6%, p=0.006) compared to UC.ConclusionsWhile 44% of WHM-NC dropped out, WHM-C appears to be a feasible, effective intervention for improving aspects of physical health and pain perception in a broad group of individuals with chronic SCI, although no significant mental health benefits were observed.
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