Effectiveness of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids on the treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: In dentistry, gingival hyperpigmentation is a common aesthetic issue caused mainly by excessive melanin deposits. Traditional surgical methods for depigmentation, like surgical techniques, can be effective, but they often associated with pain after the procedure and longer healing times. Because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have demonstrated potential benefits in tissue regeneration and dermatological depigmentation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of locally and systemically administered Omega-3 (PUFAs) in reducing gingival pigmentation, thereby contributing to advancements in aesthetic periodontal care. METHODOLOGY: Two groups were randomly selected from thirty patients who presented with mild to moderate gingival pigmentation grade (1,2 or 3) in the maxillary esthetic area. Group I was given a daily oral dose of 2 g of Omega-3 PUFAs before and after one weekly intragingival injections of 1–2 g of omega-3. Group II was depigmented using a traditional surgical technique. At one, three, and six months, the primary outcome Dummett Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI). Secondary outcomes Hedin index measured at 1,3,6 months, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and wound healing were measured at one and seven days following the procedure. Hemorrhage during the surgery were also noted. RESULTS: Both groups displayed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the DOPI and Hedin index at various time points. However, after six months, there was no significant difference between the groups (P ≥ 0.05). When compared to Group II at various time points, group I displayed a statistically significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in VAS, hemorrhage, and wound healing. gingival pigmentation. CONCLUSION: Omega-3 PUFAs oral mesotherapy is a minimally invasive, safe, and aesthetically acceptable alternative to surgical depigmentation. Its antimelanognic activity makes it a good option for gingival hyperpigmentation treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This research was officially registered in clinicaltrial.gov (NCT07067515) on (15/7/2025).