Addressing the Evidence Gap: Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine on Cycling Performance in Females-A Systematic Review and Three-Level Meta-Analysis
Bittencourt de Santa Ritta G, Brito Soares LM, Abreu ACP, Mendes GF, Saunders B, Reis CEG
International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 0 citas
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Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Metaanálisis (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación no declarada
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2026-05-28 · Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab · vol. 36 · número 5 · págs. 574–587
- Editorial
- Human Kinetics
- Citado
- 0 citas · más que el 37% de estudios similares · 0.0× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 51 trabajos
- Acceso
- De pago
- Áreas de investigación
- Coffee research and impacts · Muscle metabolism and nutrition · Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Palabras clave
- Caffeine, Cycling, Confidence interval, Menstrual cycle, Crossover study, Randomized controlled trial, Subgroup analysis, Meta-analysis
- MeSH
- humans, caffeine, menstrual cycle, bicycling, dietary supplements, female, randomized controlled trials as topic, athletic performance, performance-enhancing substances
6 autores
- Gloria Bittencourt de Santa Ritta🇧🇷Universidade de Brasília
- Luiza Mariana Brito Soares🇧🇷Universidade de São Paulo
- Ana Clara Pereira Abreu🇧🇷Universidade de Brasília
- Guilherme Falcão Mendes🇧🇷Centro Universitário Euroamericano
- Bryan Saunders🇧🇷Universidade de São Paulo; Brazilian Academy of Sciences
- Caio Eduardo Gonçalves Reis🇧🇷Universidade de Brasília
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of caffeine ingestion on female cycling performance. Three databases were systematically searched; studies were screened according to PICOS framework and PRISMA guidelines. Data were analyzed using a three-level meta-analytical model to account for the nesting of multiple performance outcomes within individual studies. Subgroup analyses assessed the influence of caffeine dose, training level, and menstrual cycle phase. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool; heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and funnel plot analysis. Nineteen randomized crossover trials involving 235 females were included. The pooled analysis revealed a small and significant ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation on cycling performance for females (standardized mean difference = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [0.11, 0.29]), with high certainty of evidence. Subgroup analysis showed a nonsignificant effect for caffeine dose (p = .79) and training level (p = .97), while caffeine significantly improved performance during the mid-luteal phase (standardized mean difference = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.46]; p = .01) with no effect for other menstrual cycle phases (p > .11). Heterogeneity was nonsignificant, Q(36) = 7.99; p = 1.00, and overall risk of bias was rated as "some concerns." The limited clinical trials and inadequate menstrual cycle assessments preclude definitive conclusions regarding the effect of the menstrual cycle phases. These findings support the supplementation of caffeine to optimize performance in cycling for women.
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