The impact of maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and symptoms in offspring: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Bandini L, Vinceti B, Urbano T, Plazzi G, Filippini T, Vinceti M
European child & adolescent psychiatry · 1 cita
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Metaanálisis (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Eventos clínicos como enfermedad o muerte
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Universidad u hospital
- University of Bristol
Según 1 financiador declarado y la declaración de financiación del texto completo.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2026-06-03 · Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry · vol. 35 · número 7 · págs. 2083–2102
- Editorial
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Citado
- 2 citas · más que el 95% de estudios similares · 4.3× el promedio de su campo
- Impacto
- Entre el 10 % más citado de su campo
- Referencias
- 86 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista híbrida) · CC-BY
- Áreas de investigación
- Vitamin D Research Studies · Autism Spectrum Disorder Research · Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Palabras clave
- maternal vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, prenatal exposure, offspring neurodevelopment, dose-response relationship, vitamin D supplementation, fetal brain development, neuroprotection
- MeSH
- humans, prenatal exposure delayed effects, vitamin d deficiency, vitamin d, risk factors, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, pregnancy, child, female, autism spectrum disorder
6 autores
- Laura Bandini🇮🇹University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- Beatrice Vinceti🇮🇹University of Bologna
- Teresa Urbano🇮🇹University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- Giuseppe Plazzi🇮🇹University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; University of Bologna
- Tommaso Filippini🇮🇹🇺🇸University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; University of California, Berkeley
- Marco Vinceti🇺🇸🇮🇹 · autor de correspondenciaBoston University; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Introduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have a complex etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors, with mechanisms still unclear. In this review, we investigated the association between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D status during pregnancy and the risk of diagnosis and symptoms of ASD and ADHD in offspring in developmental age.
Methods
We searched online databases up to February 13, 2026. We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis by comparing the exposure categories and using a dose-response approach across the entire exposure range.
Results
We included 15 eligible studies: 8 related to ASD and ASD symptoms, 5 related to ADHD and ADHD symptoms, and 2 to both. Comparing high versus low maternal vitamin D status, we found an inverse association with both lower ASD risk (RR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.87-0.96) and ADHD risk (RR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.99). In the dose-response pooled analysis, ASD risk linearly decreased by 9% for every 10 nmol/L increase in maternal serum vitamin D levels. Higher vitamin D levels were also inversely associated with ADHD symptoms, though estimates were statistically imprecise due to the limited number of studies.
Conclusions
Higher vitamin D status during pregnancy appears to be linearly associated with a reduced risk of ASD and ADHD diagnoses and symptoms in offspring, with no evidence of thresholds across the investigated exposure range. These findings suggest the opportunity to assess vitamin D levels during pregnancy, and to consider its supplementation in deficiency cases, to support fetal brain development and promote neuroprotection.
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