Sex Differences in Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFA Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional Comparisons
Li D, Shum C, Khoo A, Shi T, Green MR, Blanco Mejia S, Khan TA, Chiavaroli L, Sievenpiper JL, Metherel AH
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 0 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Metaanálisis (indexado por PubMed)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Marcadores de salud y funcionamiento
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Universidad u hospital
- University of Toronto
- Gobierno
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Subvenciones
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (183696_1)
Según 2 financiadores declarados y la declaración de financiación del texto completo.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2026-06-09 · Adv Nutr · vol. 17 · número 7 · pág. 100670
- Editorial
- Elsevier BV
- Citado
- 1 cita · más que el 88% de estudios similares · 2.6× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 121 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista híbrida) · CC-BY-NC-ND
- Áreas de investigación
- Fatty Acid Research and Health · Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis · Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Palabras clave
- sex differences, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, erythrocyte fatty acids, plasma fatty acids, adipose tissue fatty acids, sex hormones
- MeSH
- humans, fatty acids, omega-3, fatty acids, omega-6, cross-sectional studies, sex factors, sex characteristics, adult, middle aged, female, male, biomarkers
10 autores
- Dandan Li🇨🇦University of Toronto
- Cherie Shum🇨🇦University of Toronto
- Ariel Khoo🇨🇦University of Toronto
- Tanya Shi🇨🇦University of Toronto
- Miranda R. Green🇨🇦University of Toronto
- Sonia Blanco Mejía🇨🇦St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto
- Tauseef Ahmad Khan🇨🇦St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto
- Laura Chiavaroli🇨🇦St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto
- John L. Sievenpiper🇨🇦St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto
- Adam H. Metherel🇨🇦 · autor de correspondenciaUniversity of Toronto
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Sex hormones may regulate the biosynthesis of PUFAs; however, the extent and consistency of sex differences in different lipid pools remain unclear. We aimed to update and synthesize evidence on sex differences in circulating and tissue omega (ω)-3 (n-3) and ω-6 (n-6) PUFA biomarkers in healthy adults with a mean age ≤50 y. We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through to 21 February, 2026, for cross-sectional reports of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels for both sexes in plasma total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters (CE); erythrocyte total lipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine; or adipose tissue. Unadjusted mean differences (MD) between male and female n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We identified 67 eligible publications, including 85 comparisons from observational studies and clinical trials, yielding a synthesis of 71 PUFA biomarkers. By absolute difference in percentage of total fatty acids, we observed, in males compared with females, higher n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) [MD = 0.19%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10%, 0.27%, P 2 = 74%] and lower DHA (MD = -0.32%, 95% CI: -0.46%, -0.18%, P 2 = 59%) in total erythrocytes and in total plasma. Males had lower plasma linoleic acid and higher CE γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. Heterogeneity in total erythrocyte EPA and DHA was explained by study location, with sex differences in erythrocyte DHA driven by studies in North America and Europe. The certainty of the evidence for all outcomes was graded as low or very low. Future studies should consider sex as a modifier of n-3 and n-6 PUFA status in adult males and females of childbearing age. Higher DPAn-3 and lower DHA in males point to important biological differences in this portion of the n-3 PUFA biosynthesis pathway that require further investigation. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023452859.
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