Expert consensus on passive heating interventions to promote skeletal muscle strength and mass: a delphi study
Lemos E, Stewart IB, Rodrigues P, Morrison SA, Wharton L, Tyler CJ, Cheung SS, Racinais S, Gordon RJFH, Lloyd A, Périard JD, Goto K, Trajano GS, Minett GM
European journal of applied physiology · 0 citas
Cómo se estudió
- Diseño
- Ficha de expertos o del gobierno (clasificado por nuestro filtro de IA)
- Estudiado en
- Personas
- Resultado principal
- Sin resultado de salud
Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Universidad u hospital
- Queensland University of Technology
Según 1 financiador declarado y la declaración de financiación del texto completo.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2026-06-15 · Eur J Appl Physiol · vol. 126 · número 9 · págs. 4919–4937
- Editorial
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Citado
- 0 citas · más que el 52% de estudios similares · 0.0× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 57 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista híbrida) · CC-BY
- Áreas de investigación
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Exercise and Physiological Responses · Infrared Thermography in Medicine
- Palabras clave
- Delphi method, Psychological intervention, Delphi, Sports medicine, Intervention (counseling), Knowledge translation, Population
- MeSH
- muscle, skeletal, humans, body temperature, consensus, delphi technique, muscle strength, hot temperature
14 autores
- Elisa Cristina Lemos🇦🇺Queensland University of Technology
- Ian B. Stewart🇦🇺Queensland University of Technology
- Patrick Rodrigues🇳🇿University of Waikato
- Shawnda A. Morrison🇸🇮University of Ljubljana
- Lee Wharton🇦🇺Queensland University of Technology
- Christopher J. Tyler🇬🇧University of Roehampton
- Stephen S. Cheung🇨🇦Brock University
- Sébastien Racinais🇫🇷🇶🇦Université de Montpellier; Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement; Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital; Dynamique du Muscle et Métabolisme
- Ralph Joseph Frederick Hills Gordon🇬🇧University of Southampton
- Alex B. Lloyd🇬🇧Loughborough University
- Julien D. Périard🇦🇺University of Canberra
- Katsumasa Goto🇯🇵Toyohashi SOZO University
- Gabriel Siqueira Trajano🇦🇺Queensland University of Technology
- Geoffrey M. Minett🇦🇺 · autor de correspondenciaQueensland University of Technology
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Purpose
Passive heating has emerged as a potential non‑exercise method to support muscle strength and mass, but its application is limited by inconsistent protocols and unclear dosage and safety guidelines. This study used a Delphi methodology to establish expert consensus on key parameters for passive heating interventions targeting neuromuscular and muscle morphology outcomes.
Methods
An international panel of academic experts (≥ 3 peer‑reviewed publications in passive heating and neuromuscular function) completed a two‑round Delphi process. Round 1 gathered open‑ended responses on passive heating strategies, intervention targets, and safety. In Round 2, experts ranked the importance of generated statements. Consensus was defined as ≥ 70% ranking a statement as either first or second in importance.
Results
Eleven experts completed Round 1 and ten in Round 2. From 177 qualitative responses, 130 statements were evaluated, with 11 reaching consensus (80-100% agreement; interquartile range = 0-1). Hot‑water immersion was prioritised as the most optimal passive heating modality. Experts agreed on targeting muscle temperatures of 39-40 °C, ~ 60-minute session durations, and once‑daily exposure as key intervention parameters. Strong consensus was also reached for monitoring core temperature and cardiovascular strain (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) to ensure participant safety. No consensus was reached on a single target population or the total intervention duration.
Conclusion
This Delphi study provides a consensus‑based framework outlining key parameters and safety considerations for passive heating interventions. These findings do not establish efficacy but identify priority variables to inform future experimental research and cautious translation into applied and clinical contexts.
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