Whole-Grain Staple Replacement and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Adults at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Extended Randomized-Trial Analysis with NHANES and Country-Level Context
Dong W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Ou L, Zhuo Q, Gong Z, Liu T
Nutrients · 0 citas
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Cómo se estudió
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Quién lo pagó
- Financiación
- Financiación independiente
- Gobierno
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Gobierno
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Subvenciones
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1100505); National Natural Science Foundation of China (32302081)
Según 2 financiadores declarados y la declaración de financiación del texto completo.
Publicación
- Publicado
- 2026-08-23 · Nutrients · vol. 18 · número 17 · pág. 2758
- Editorial
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
- Citado
- 0 citas · más que el 64% de estudios similares · 0.0× el promedio de su campo
- Referencias
- 57 trabajos
- Acceso
- Acceso abierto (revista) · CC-BY
- Áreas de investigación
- Food composition and properties · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Palabras clave
- type 2 diabetes prevention, cardiometabolic phenotypes, prediabetes, grain quality, refined grains, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, triglycerides, grain supply, whole grain intake, NHANES
- MeSH
- humans, diabetes mellitus, type 2, insulin resistance, blood glucose, triglycerides, diet, nutrition surveys, risk factors, phenotype, adult, middle aged, female, male, whole grains, cardiometabolic risk factors
7 autores
- Weihua Dong🇨🇳Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Yongjun Wang🇨🇳Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Ziyuan Liu🇨🇳Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- LingLing Ou🇨🇳Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Qin Zhuo🇨🇳Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Zhaolong Gong🇨🇳Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Tingting Liu🇨🇳 · autor de correspondenciaChinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Nutrition and Health
Resumen
El texto original del estudio, en el idioma en que se publicó.
Background/objectives
Adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes frequently show concurrent dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and central adiposity before overt diabetes develops. We evaluated cardiometabolic responses to standardized whole-grain staple replacement and examined grain-quality patterns in free-living and country-level settings.
Methods
This secondary exploratory analysis included 144 participants (48 per group) from a 12-week, three-arm randomized dietary trial. Participants were analyzed according to their randomized assignments to 100 g/day, 50 g/day, or control. Lipid, anthropometric, body composition, and composite cardiometabolic phenotypes were evaluated. Longitudinal and time-weighted cumulative effects were estimated using linear mixed-effects and regression models, with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction applied within the corresponding multiplicity domains. Complementary analyses included 30,769 NHANES adults without diabetes, including 12,169 with prediabetes, and descriptive country-level data on whole-grain intake, high-FPG-attributable diabetes burden, and cereal supply.
Results
Within the extended phenotype panel, HWG versus control time-weighted cumulative effects included triglycerides (β = -0.220, 95% CI -0.397 to -0.043; FDR-adjusted p = 0.047), the atherogenic index of plasma (β = -0.125, -0.191 to -0.060; FDR-adjusted p = 0.002), and the triglyceride-glucose index (β = -0.301, -0.429 to -0.173; FDR-adjusted p < 0.001). Conventional lipid components showed distinct temporal responses. In NHANES, higher whole-grain exposure and more favorable grain-quality ratios were associated with lower adiposity- and insulin resistance-related phenotypes, whereas refined-grain exposure generally showed the opposite pattern. Country-level analyses showed marked heterogeneity in whole-grain intake, diabetes burden, and cereal supply context.
Conclusions
Standardized whole-grain staple replacement was associated with short-term changes across several cardiometabolic dimensions in adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes, with the clearest extended-phenotype signals involving triglyceride-related and glucose-triglyceride coupling measures. NHANES identified cross-sectional grain-quality associations in free-living adults; country-level analyses described heterogeneity in whole-grain intake, diabetes burden, and cereal supply context.
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